Using this core with PlatformIO

What is PlatformIO?

PlatformIO is a free, open-source build-tool written in Python, which also integrates into VSCode code as an extension.

PlatformIO significantly simplifies writing embedded software by offering a unified build system, yet being able to create project files for many different IDEs, including VSCode, Eclipse, CLion, etc. Through this, PlatformIO can offer extensive features such as IntelliSense (autocomplete), debugging, unit testing etc., which not available in the standard Arduino IDE.

The Arduino IDE experience:

_images/the_arduinoide_experience.png

The PlatformIO experience:

_images/the_platformio_experience.png

Refer to the general documentation at https://docs.platformio.org/.

Especially useful is the Getting started with VSCode + PlatformIO, CLI reference and the platformio.ini options page.

Hereafter it is assumed that you have a basic understanding of PlatformIO in regards to project creation, project file structure and building and uploading PlatformIO projects, through reading the above pages.

Current state of development

At the time of writing, PlatformIO integration for this core is a work-in-progress and not yet merged into mainline PlatformIO. This is subject to change once this pull request is merged.

If you want to use the PlatformIO integration right now, make sure you first create a standard Raspberry Pi Pico + Arduino project within PlatformIO. This will give you a project with the platformio.ini

[env:pico]
platform = raspberrypi
board = pico
framework = arduino

Here, you need to change the platform to take advantage of the features described hereunder and switch to the new core.

[env:pico]
platform = https://github.com/maxgerhardt/platform-raspberrypi.git
board = pico
framework = arduino
board_build.core = earlephilhower

When the support for this core has been merged into mainline PlatformIO, this notice will be removed and a standard platformio.ini as shown above will work as a base.

Deprecation warnings

Previous versions of this documentation told users to inject the framework and toolchain package into the project by using

; note that download link for toolchain is specific for OS. see https://github.com/earlephilhower/pico-quick-toolchain/releases.
platform_packages =
    maxgerhardt/framework-arduinopico@https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico.git
    maxgerhardt/toolchain-pico@https://github.com/earlephilhower/pico-quick-toolchain/releases/download/1.3.1-a/x86_64-w64-mingw32.arm-none-eabi-7855b0c.210706.zip

This is now deprecated and should not be done anymore. Users should delete these platform_packages lines and update the platform integration by issuing the command

pio pkg update -g -p https://github.com/maxgerhardt/platform-raspberrypi.git

in the PlatformIO CLI. The same can be achieved by using the VSCode PIO Home -> Platforms -> Updates GUI.

The toolchain, which was also renamed to toolchain-rp2040-earlephilhower is downloaded automatically from the registry. The same goes for the framework-arduinopico toolchain package, which points directly to the Arduino-Pico Github repository. However, users can still select a custom fork or branch of the core if desired so, as detailed in a chapter below.

Selecting the new core

Prerequisite for using this core is to tell PlatformIO to switch to it. There will be board definition files where the Earle-Philhower core will be the default since it’s a board that only exists in this core (and not the other https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-mbed). To switch boards for which this is not the default core (which are only board = pico and board = nanorp2040connect), the directive

board_build.core = earlephilhower

must be added to the platformio.ini. This controls the core switching logic.

When using Arduino-Pico-only boards like board = rpipico or board = adafruit_feather, this is not needed.

Flash size

Controlled via specifying the size allocated for the filesystem. Available sketch size is calculated accordingly by using (as in makeboards.py) that number and the (constant) EEPROM size (4096 bytes) and the total flash size as known to PlatformIO via the board definition file. The expression on the right can involve “b”,”k”,”m” (bytes/kilobytes/megabytes) and floating point numbers. This makes it actually more flexible than in the Arduino IDE where there is a finite list of choices. Calculations happen in the platform.

; in reference to a board = pico config (2MB flash)
; Flash Size: 2MB (Sketch: 1MB, FS:1MB)
board_build.filesystem_size = 1m
; Flash Size: 2MB (No FS)
board_build.filesystem_size = 0m
; Flash Size: 2MB (Sketch: 0.5MB, FS:1.5MB)
board_build.filesystem_size = 1.5m

CPU Speed

As for all other PlatformIO platforms, the f_cpu macro value (which is passed to the core) can be changed as documented

; 133MHz
board_build.f_cpu = 133000000L

Debug Port

Via build_flags as done for many other cores (example).

; Debug Port: Serial
build_flags = -DDEBUG_RP2040_PORT=Serial
; Debug Port: Serial 1
build_flags = -DDEBUG_RP2040_PORT=Serial1
; Debug Port: Serial 2
build_flags = -DDEBUG_RP2040_PORT=Serial2

Debug Level

Done again by directly adding the needed build flags. When wanting to define multiple build flags, they must be accumulated in either a sing line or a newline-separated expression.

; Debug level: Core
build_flags = -DDEBUG_RP2040_CORE
; Debug level: SPI
build_flags = -DDEBUG_RP2040_SPI
; Debug level: Wire
build_flags = -DDEBUG_RP2040_WIRE
; Debug level: All
build_flags = -DDEBUG_RP2040_WIRE -DDEBUG_RP2040_SPI -DDEBUG_RP2040_CORE
; Debug level: NDEBUG
build_flags = -DNDEBUG

; example: Debug port on serial 2 and all debug output
build_flags = -DDEBUG_RP2040_WIRE -DDEBUG_RP2040_SPI -DDEBUG_RP2040_CORE -DDEBUG_RP2040_PORT=Serial2
; equivalent to above
build_flags =
   -DDEBUG_RP2040_WIRE
   -DDEBUG_RP2040_SPI
   -DDEBUG_RP2040_CORE
   -DDEBUG_RP2040_PORT=Serial2

C++ Exceptions

Exceptions are disabled by default. To enable them, use

; Enable Exceptions
build_flags = -DPIO_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS

Stack Protector

To enable GCC’s stack protection feature, use

; Enable Stack Protector
build_flags = -fstack-protector

RTTI

RTTI (run-time type information) is disabled by default. To enable it, use

; Enable RTTI
build_flags = -DPIO_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO_ENABLE_RTTI

USB Stack

Not specifying any special build flags regarding this gives one the default Pico SDK USB stack. To change it, add

; Adafruit TinyUSB
build_flags = -DUSE_TINYUSB
; No USB stack
build_flags = -DPIO_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO_NO_USB

Note that the special “No USB” setting is also supported, through the shortcut-define PIO_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO_NO_USB.

IP Stack

The lwIP stack can be configured to support only IPv4 (default) or additionally IPv6. To activate IPv6 support, add

; IPv6
build_flags = -DPIO_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO_ENABLE_IPV6

to the platformio.ini.

Selecting a different core version

If you wish to use a different version of the core, e.g., the latest git master version, you can use a platform_packages directive to do so. Simply specify that the framework package (framework-arduinopico) comes from a different source.

platform_packages =
   framework-arduinopico@https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico.git#master

Whereas the #master can also be replaced by a #branchname or a #commithash. If left out, it will pull the default branch, which is master.

The file:// and symlink:// pseudo-protocols can also be used instead of https:// to point to a local copy of the core (with e.g. some modifications) on disk (see documentation).

Note that this can only be done for versions that have the PlatformIO builder script it in, so versions before 1.9.2 are not supported.

Examples

The following example platformio.ini can be used for a Raspberry Pi Pico and 0.5MByte filesystem.

[env:pico]
platform = https://github.com/maxgerhardt/platform-raspberrypi.git
board = pico
framework = arduino
; board can use both Arduino cores -- we select Arduino-Pico here
board_build.core = earlephilhower
board_build.filesystem_size = 0.5m

The initial project structure should be generated just creating a new project for the Pico and the Arduino framework, after which the auto-generated platformio.ini can be adapted per above.

Debugging

With recent updates to the toolchain and OpenOCD, debugging firmwares is also possible.

To specify the debugging adapter, use debug_tool (documentation). Supported values are:

  • picoprobe

  • cmsis-dap

  • jlink

  • raspberrypi-swd

These values can also be used in upload_protocol if you want PlatformIO to upload the regular firmware through this method, which you likely want.

Especially the PicoProbe method is convenient when you have two Raspberry Pi Pico boards. One of them can be flashed with the PicoProbe firmware (documentation) and is then connected to the target Raspberry Pi Pico board (see documentation chapter “Picoprobe Wiring”). Remember that on Windows, you have to use Zadig to also load “WinUSB” drivers for the “Picoprobe (Interface 2)” device so that OpenOCD can speak to it.

With that set up, debugging can be started via the left debugging sidebar and works nicely: Setup breakpoints, inspect the value of variables in the code, step through the code line by line. When a breakpoint is hit or execution is halted, you can even see the execution state both Cortex-M0+ cores of the RP2040.

_images/pio_debugging.png

For further information on customizing debug options, like the initial breakpoint or debugging / SWD speed, consult the documentation.

Filesystem Uploading

For the Arduino IDE, a plugin is available that enables a data folder to be packed as a LittleFS filesystem binary and uploaded to the Pico.

This functionality is also built-in in the PlatformIO integration. Open the project tasks and expand the “Platform” tasks:

_images/pio_fs_upload.png

The files you want to upload should be placed in a folder called data inside the project. This can be customized if needed.

The task “Build Filesystem Image” will take all files in the data directory and create a littlefs.bin file from it using the mklittlefs tool.

The task “Upload Filesystem Image” will upload the filesystem image to the Pico via the specified upload_protocol.