USB (Arduino and Adafruit_TinyUSB)
==================================

Two USB stacks are present in the core.  Users can choose the simpler
Pico-SDK version or the more powerful Adafruit TinyUSB library.
Use the ``Tools->USB Stack`` menu to select between the two.

Pico SDK USB Support
--------------------
This is the default mode and automatically includes a USB-based
serial port, ``Serial`` as well as supporting automatic reset-to-upload
from the IDE.

The Arduino-Pico core includes ported versions of the basic Arduino
``Keyboard``, ``Mouse`` and ``Joystick`` libraries.  These libraries 
allow you to emulate a keyboard, a gamepad or mouse (or all together) 
with the Pico in your sketches.

See the examples and Arduino Reference at
https://www.arduino.cc/reference/en/language/functions/usb/keyboard/
and
https://www.arduino.cc/reference/en/language/functions/usb/mouse

Adafruit TinyUSB Arduino Support
--------------------------------
Examples are provided in the Adafruit_TinyUSB_Arduino for the more
advanced USB stack.

To use Serial with TinyUSB, you must include the TinyUSB header in your
sketch to avoid a compile error.

.. code:: cpp

    #include <Adafruit_TinyUSB.h>

If you need to be compatible with the
other USB stack, you can use an ifdef:

.. code:: cpp

    #ifdef USE_TINYUSB
    #include <Adafruit_TinyUSB.h>
    #endif

Also, this stack requires sketches to manually call
``Serial.begin(115200)`` to enable the USB serial port and automatic
sketch upload from the IDE.  If a sketch is run without this command
in ``setup()``, the user will need to use the standard "hold BOOTSEL
and plug in USB" method to enter program upload mode.

Adafruit TinyUSB Configuration and Quirks
-----------------------------------------

The Adafruit TinyUSB's configuration header for RP2040 devices is stored
in ``libraries/Adafruit_TinyUSB_Arduino/src/arduino/ports/rp2040/tusb_config_rp2040.h`` (`here <https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_TinyUSB_Arduino/blob/master/src/arduino/ports/rp2040/tusb_config_rp2040.h>`__).

In some cases it is important to know what TinyUSB is configured with. For example, by having set 

.. code:: cpp

    #define CFG_TUD_CDC 1
    #define CFG_TUD_MSC 1
    #define CFG_TUD_HID 1
    #define CFG_TUD_MIDI 1
    #define CFG_TUD_VENDOR 1

this configuration file defines the maximum number of USB CDC (serial)
devices as 1. Hence, the example sketch `cdc_multi.ino <https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_TinyUSB_Arduino/blob/master/examples/CDC/cdc_multi/cdc_multi.ino>`__
that is delivered with the library will not work, it will only create one
USB CDC device instead of two. It will however work when the above
``CFG_TUD_CDC`` macro is defined to 2 instead of 1.

To do such a modification when using the Arduino IDE, the file can be
locally modified in the Arduino core's package files. The base path can
be found per `this article <https://support.arduino.cc/hc/en-us/articles/360018448279-Open-the-Arduino15-folder>`__,
then navigate further to the ``packages/rp2040/hardware/rp2040/<core version>/libraries/Adafruit_TinyUSB_Arduino``
folder to find the Adafruit TinyUSB library.

When using PlatformIO, one can also make use of the feature that TinyUSB
allows redirecting the configuration file to another one if a certain
macro is set.

.. code:: cpp

    #ifdef CFG_TUSB_CONFIG_FILE
        #include CFG_TUSB_CONFIG_FILE
    #else
        #include "tusb_config.h"
    #endif

And as such, in the ``platformio.ini`` of the project, one can add

.. code:: ini

    build_flags =
      -DUSE_TINYUSB 
      -DCFG_TUSB_CONFIG_FILE=\"custom_tusb_config.h\"
      -Iinclude/ 

and further add create the file ``include/custom_tusb_config.h`` as a copy
of the original ``tusb_config_rp2040.h`` but with the needed modifications.

*Note:* Some configuration file changes have no effect because upper levels
of the library don't properly support them. In particular, even though the
maximum number of HID devices can be set to 2, and two ``Adafruit_USBD_HID``
can be created, it will not cause two HID devices to actually show up, because
of `code limitations <https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_TinyUSB_Arduino/blob/7264c1492a73d9a285512752b03f2550841c06bc/src/arduino/hid/Adafruit_USBD_HID.cpp#L36-L37>`__.